390 parts (386 in grey styrene, 4 in clear
styrene)
Price:
retail price about US $37.95
Review Type:
First Look
Advantages:
Only kit of this Soviet tank in this scale;
based on very good T-70M kit by Miniart; figures a nice complement with
wide application
Disadvantages:
Suspension a cross between T-70 and T-70M
parts
Recommendation:
Highly Recommended for all Soviet and light
tank fans
FirstLook
The Soviets practiced the concept of "learn through experience"
during the Great Patriotic War (WWII) and one thing they learned the
hard way was that tanks with a two-man crew are difficult to fight
and unlikely to survive in anything other than scouting missions.
The T-70 and T-70M light tanks suffered from this, as the commander
had to both service the gun and command the tank. As a result, and
based on better combat success (e.g. survival from the point of view
of command functions) with the T-26 light tanks, the Soviets began
to work on what was dubbed the "big turret" or "two-man turret"
version of the T-70M.
Few people today realize how important the T-70s were in the early
days of the war, and even at the famous battle of Prokhorovka in
1943 nearly one-third of the Soviet tanks engaged were T-70 and
T-70M types. As a result, getting a tank that was likely to be more
survivable was an important factor.
The Astrov design bureau at Factory No. 40 in Gor'kiy began serious
work on this problem in October 1942, and eventually the prototype
designs emerged as "Article 080" which eventually became the T-80
light tank. It took the proven T-70 chassis and added more powerful
engines, increased side armor to 25mm, and added a totally new
design of two man turret. This turret required increasing the
diameter of the turret race from 966mm to 1112 mm, which was the
same used by the old cylindrical turrets on the T-26 and BT series
tanks. Due to the increased size and weight, the new turret race was
firmly attached to the framework over the engine and formed one
unit; this meant that the turret had to be removed to access the
engines for more than routine servicing.
The turret used a cylindrical base and six-sided welded turret,
fitted with an extended mantelet that gave the gun an elevation arc
from -6 to +65 degrees (somebody decided it should be able to engage
aerial targets along the way.) Each crew member (commander on the
right, gunner on the left) had his own access hatch. The tank now
had a rate of fire of 8-9 rounds per minute or twice that of the
T-70M. Accepted for service in December 1942, the tank ran into
immediate problems when the GAZ Factory (No. 40) refused to put it
in production as it was strained to the limit with T-70M, BA-64, and
trucks and engines. Eventually it was decided the new tank would be
built by Factory No. 592 in Mytishchi near Moscow. Production would
use parts from Factory No. 40 and hulls and turrets from Factory No.
176 in Kulebaki. By July 1943 the rate of production was expected to
reach 150 tanks per month.
As with many Soviet tanks, not so fast. Due to problems the tank did
not enter production in those time frames or rates. Even though
Factory No. 176 had created 334 tank hull and turret sets for the
T-80, production swung back to Factory No. 40 in April 1943.
Problems then cropped with an old Soviet problem: "Better is the
enemy of good enough." Searches for new hyper-velocity 45mm guns
resulted in halts while new long-barreled 45mm guns were tested, as
well as plans to use the GMC engines received via Lend-Lease to
power the tank. But by that time, the day of the Soviet light tank
was over, and in the fall of 1943 production was cancelled. Only 77
series production T-80 tanks were built, all by Factory No. 40.
(Production then turned exclusively to the handy and effective SU-76
series SP guns on a modified T-70M chassis.)
The T-80 was arguably the best of the Soviet light tanks, but as
with many "bests" it was too little and too late. Miniart has now
followed on the heels of their very nice T-70M kits with one of the
T-80 and this is an even better effort. As with all of the previous
Miniart kits, it also comes with a set of five figures as a bonus,
which also makes the pricetag more realistic when viewed in that
light.
The T-70M kits suffered from the fact that their turret did not
replicate the offcenter gun mantelet used by that tank, but instead
used the "official" blueprints which show it to be centered.
(Modelers should note that contrary to many claims on the internet
this can be fixed within acceptable limits in less than 15 minutes,
and I have an article in preparation which shows how to do that. But
I digress.) This kit does not have those problems as it has a
totally new turret for the T-80 and this one matches the set of
plans in the Svirin/Kolomiyets book on the T-70 series tanks
perfectly. The three hatches on the turret are all separate parts,
as are all of the railings and other details. The gun barrel seems a
bit undernourished, but the photos show that the guns used in the
T-70s used thinner barrels than the older Model 1932/38 series 20-K
guns so this may be correct.
The T-70M tanks (and by default the T-80) increased the size of the
track links from 260 mm wide and 97 mm in pitch to 300 mm in width
and 111mm in pitch, thus reducing the number of links needed from 91
to 80. The road wheels were beefed up in width from 104 mm to 130
mm, and the torsion bars changed from 34 mm to 36 mm diameter. Brake
straps (the Soviets preferred ribbon brakes wrapped around a drum)
were widened from 90 mm to 124 mm, and the result was that the tank
carried more weight (from 9.2 metric tons to 10 metric tons) and
while its mobility went up, its range went down to 250 km on
highways. The other visible changes were made during the T-70's
production run.
Checking the basic parameters of the kit, the hull has the correct
width and the fenders are those for the wider M tracks. Track width
is about 8.5mm or 300mm in scale and pitch is about 3.3mm or 115mm,
but the wheels are 3 mm wide which is 105mm or in other words the
basic T-70 wheel. That's a shame, but on the other hand for most
modelers the difference will not be noticeable.
The hull is a one-piece unit with what appears to be what DML calls
"slide molding" and is very nicely detailed; the belly has some
discrepancies (there is an access panel which is square on the kit
and rectangular in the Svirin/Kolomiyets book, for example) but
overall detail is good. All screens are molded parts, but Miniart
has wisely designed the kit so that they may easily be replaced with
etched brass or scratchbuilt parts and they will fit into the model.
It also comes with the correct twin muffler arrangement; the armored
shrouds over the exhaust pipes are included but the finicky will
want to replace them from sheet styrene.
The crew figures with this kit are new, and consist of five figures
that correspond to early DML figures with each one consisting of
about eight parts (head, torso, two legs and two arms plus cover and
pistol holster) plus accessories. One figure is in coveralls and the
other four in the standard Soviet uniform of 1942 onward. Two
figures (the coverall one with tanker's helmet and one figure in a
leather jacket carrying his helmet) are in "mannequin" poses, but
the other three would make a good vignette: two officers checking
mays and one checking his watch Six color maps are included with the
directions for these figures.
There are no decals provided and the only finishing instructions are
for a plain 4BO (FS 34102) green tank; this is based on available
photos, as while the T-80s did see service there are few if any
photos of them in action, as they were parsed out as command
vehicles for SU-76 battalions and other staff functions which
generally do not rate "in action" photos.
Overall, this kit is a great effort and permits a modeler to build
ALL of the Soviet light tanks from the MS-1 to the T-80. (Some from
other companies will take more work, however...!)
Sprue Breakdown
A 41 T-70 hull and turret sprue
less turret shell
B 37 T-80 two-man turret and parts
C 42x2 T-70 road suspension parts
D 44x4 T-70M cast track links
E 4 Clear styrene
F 48 Soviet Tank Crew figure set
(NOTE: The best single reference for this vehicle and the T-70
series at the moment is "Frontovaya Illyustratsiya (Frontal
Illustrated) T-70 Legkiy Tank," FI No. 5-2006, by Mikhail Sviring
and Maksim Kolomiyets, "Strategiya KM" Publishing, Moscow; ISBN
5-901266-01-3.)